Alesse (Ethinylestradiol/Levonorgestrel)

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Alesse (Ethinylestradiol/Levonorgestrel) is a combined oral estrogen-progestogen birth control. It is applied to prevent ovulation. As a result, it prevents unwanted pregnancy.

Indications

Contraception;
Hormone-dependent functional disorders of the menstrual cycle (including dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia without an organic cause, premenstrual syndrome).

Dosage and mode of application

Route of administration: oral. A woman should take 1 tablet 1 time per day, starting either in 1 or 5 days of the menstrual cycle for 21 days. Then, a 7-day break is followed. The pill of Alesse birth control should be taken at one and the same time.

Contraindications

The main contraindications to Alesse birth control are:

hypersensitivity;
liver failure;
congenital hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert, Dubin-Johnson and Rotor syndromes);
liver tumors (hemangioma, liver cancer);
malignant tumors (primarily breast cancer or endometrium);
severe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, thromboembolism, and predisposition to them (ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, widespread atherosclerosis, myocarditis, decompensated heart failure, heart defects, severe forms of arterial hypertension);
severe diabetes mellitus (accompanied by retinopathy and microangiopathy);
sickle cell anemia, chronic hemolytic anemia, vaginal bleeding of unknown etiology, migraine;
otosclerosis;
cystic mole, otosclerosis with hearing impairment, idiopathic jaundice, or itching during a previous pregnancy.
congenital hyperlipidemia;
age over 40.

Take Alesse birth control with caution in the following conditions:

diseases of the liver and gall bladder;
epilepsy;
depression;
ulcerative colitis;
uterine fibroids;
mastopathy;
tuberculosis;
kidney disease;
adolescence.

Side effects

Benign, malignant, and unspecified neoplasms (including cysts and polyps): infrequently – breast cancer, liver adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical cancer.
The side of the immune system: infrequently – systemic lupus erythematosus; rarely – hypersensitivity reactions.
The side of metabolism: infrequently – fluid retention, hyperlipidemia.
Mental disorders: often – depressed mood, mood changes, nervousness; infrequently – decreased libido; rarely – an increase in libido.
The side of the nervous system: often – headache, increased irritability; infrequently – migraine, chorea.
The side of the organ of vision: often – visual impairment; rarely – intolerance to contact lenses.
The organ of hearing: infrequently – otosclerosis.
The cardiovascular system: infrequently – arterial hypertension, venous thromboembolism, arterial thromboembolism.
The digestive tract: often – nausea, abdominal pain; infrequently – vomiting, diarrhea.
The liver and biliary tract: infrequently – gallstone disease; rarely – cholestatic jaundice; very rarely – pancreatitis.
The skin and subcutaneous tissue: often – acne; infrequently – rash, urticaria, chloasma; rarely – erythema nodosum, exudative erythema multiforme.
The reproductive system and mammary glands: often – a feeling of tension in the mammary glands, chest pain, irregular bleeding, amenorrhea, hypomenorrhea; infrequently – an increase in the mammary glands; rarely – the secretion from the mammary glands; vaginal secretion, a change in vaginal secretion.

Interactions

Barbiturates, some antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine, phenytoin), sulfonamides, pyrazolone derivatives can enhance the metabolism of ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel.
A decrease in contraceptive effect can be found with the simultaneous administration with certain antimicrobial drugs (ampicillin, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, neomycin, polymyxin B, sulfonamides, tetracyclines), which is associated with a change in the intestinal microflora.
When taking gestagen-estrogenic drugs, it may be necessary to adjust the dosage regimen of hypoglycemic drugs and indirect anticoagulants.

What if a pill is missed?

If you miss a pill, you must take the drug within the next 12 hours. With an interval of over 36 hours, a reliable contraceptive effect is not guaranteed (despite this, treatment should be continued in order to prevent the onset of premature menstruation associated with drug discontinuation). During this period, it is recommended to use other non-hormonal methods of contraception.

Overdose

Symptoms: severe headache, dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting), vaginal bleeding caused by drug discontinuation.
Treatment: the drug is withdrawn, treatment is symptomatic. There is no special antidote.

Pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy

Alesse is not prescribed during pregnancy. If pregnancy is established while taking this birth control drug, you must immediately discontinue the drug. However, extensive epidemiological studies did not reveal any increased risk of developmental defects in children born to women who received sex hormones before pregnancy or teratogenicity when sex hormones were taken by negligence in the early stages of pregnancy.

Lactation

The use of combined oral contraceptives can reduce the amount of breast milk and change its composition, therefore, their use as a whole is not recommended until the termination of breastfeeding.